Oe wheels



To" aummaadattata@ x f *Be it known;` hatlLGno'RGEA. Pmsn'riss,

Hampshire, haveinvented certainfnew and `Rollers to `Car`Wheelsfand thoselof other "Vehicles, l said improvements consisting mainly inthe arrangement `of wha-tl term y load and securing @axles ,in a new and useful manner; andfl declare that the following l specification, taken in connection `with the drawings, isa `full .exacufand suflicient`descriptionthereof.

` y i ln lthe,` "drawing nexttheyehiclelFig.2` s a vertcalsection slaagt `100th salesiana H wheeiexhibiang alsofthe friction lrollers and a cap or "dust "fof friction rollers. Figf Asis anfelevationof a dustpreventer \E1g.-5isaf view from the inafmodified formaiidvFig. `(iris a section Vthrough the same wheel lwith a cap piece attached by bolts insteadofbeing castin one piece with thefwheel as shown in" Fig.` 2. y f Theuse offriction rollers in the moving ofhvehicles j as well; asgin "the supporting l of wshafts inf` machineryiis `an"old EVand well known device, and its "advantages in saving friction` andutliereby `power arevfully apn fpreciated. Certain practical difliculties `have howeyerpreyentedpthegeneral practical use I `ordinarygrindtjstones and in a' few philosophical` instruments.,""iManyj plans for introducing them into carriages have been devisedbut all havefbeen.` lacking either in simplicity and consequently in cheapness `or in practicalutility ifsufliciently simple `as some apparatus necessary for the; proper movement of the wheels of the `vehicle has then been omitted.

"l If the ring or nestof the rollers be applied inthe hub of anordinary `wheel as patent boxes usually are, the wheel by slight r wearfsoon acquires a wabbling motion as it is expressively termed and refuses to` run in a plane perpendicular to that part of the axle which passes through the y wheel. The wheels then refuse to trackaoscillatethe carriage, throw mud`l` andY dirt, destroy the t roads, `and in a short time require more "power to revolvethem `than if playing on the county ofCheshireand Stateof New i usefullmprovements in Applying Friction` y f va view of "an wheelifrom` the inside thereof or that side 1 preve"nterl` Figgy isejlevationof a nest` t inside also ofga wheel exhibiting the bearer of these` appliances except in the commonly termedpatent blockkinvented by Garnett 1nA i or wrrnnns, Axims Ami rRIcTfoN-ROLLERS.

i u `Si115ecicationioit"Letterslatent Nc.- 12,572, `dated March 20, 1855.

`some ordinary species of axlef It will be seen therefore that the greatdifficultly consists in preserving the perfect parallelism` of any given pair of wheels in such wise that in the first place there shall be no tendency to wear, and in the second that even whenv worn the contrivance .shall still preserve its efiiciency. This difficultyv must moreoverbe` overcome in some simple manner, and the apparatus must not take up much space. Now the object of my invention isto remedy this evil and Ihave contrived more than one method for effecting i thepurpose4 one `of which is the subject of ythis preseht application. i Ihave shown 1t `as applied to a rail road car In my drawings wheel it is obvious however that any other species ofV wheel `may be fitted in the same manner, substantially.

My invention therefore consists in the combination of a stationary load axle to which is attached a fixed bearer, a securing axlegpassing through the same, and a rlng l or` nest of friction rollers, `the whole applied l toa pair ofwheels substantially in the manl ner and scribed.

`for the purposes hereinafter de- `In `order to fit a pair of wheels to anyl vehicleafter the manner invented by me, I first cause to be bored out concentric with the wheel a cylindricalrecess considerably larger thanthat which isrequired when an ordinary axleis employed, and upon the outside of this recess I locate a cap or its equivalentmade in one piece with the wheel or attached thereto in any appropriate manner,` This cap forms one head of the recess.

`In this recess Ilocate a nest or ring of friction rollers constructed in any usual manner lpreferring those in which the rollers have fno axles, or vwhere their axles` have play in the ring or nest. The cylinder which would circumscribe the whole of these rollers when in position should be a little smaller m diameter than the inside of the recess, two or three rollers more or less Will then be all `that will touch the cylindrical part of the a load axle which may/be a hollow cylinder or a square box, or two 0r more rods Ontany PATENT Girona. 3rREN'rIss, oFcHEsHIRE COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

port-ion of a box or cylinder formed as if by cutting slots out of an entire box or cylinder. The general direction of this cylinder is that of an ordinary axle, and its imaginary axis coincides nearly with the center of any pair of wheels. Upon the ends of this axle are cast or otherwise secured two bearers, which fill or partially fill the space contained between the friction rollers contained in the nest. This bearer if cylindrical is smaller in diameter than the distance between the inner surfaces of any two opposite rollers but it may be shaped like a crescent, or in some form which will havethe same effect; whatever its shape may be there must be left through it a space for the passage of a securing axle. The securing axle which may be square octagonal cylindrical, or of any other shape is now passed through the hollow of the load axle, and through the space in the bearer and is secured in the caps or their equivalents by means of a nut and washer or their equivalents, and I generally intend to fasten these axles tightly in one cap and loosely in the other drilling out a proper cylindrical hole in the cap and turning the axle so as to fit therein. By this means one wheel may if necessary move faster than the other as in passlng curves.

Now by inspection of the drawings where the parts are shown in position it will be perceived, that the load rests on t-he load axles, is transferred by them to the bearers and then through the intervention of the friction rollers rests upon the inside of the cylindrical recess. The Vwhole friction arising from the moving of the vehicle and consequent revolution of the wheels is therefore taken by the friction rollers. The securing axle however resting in long journals fast or loose as the case may be, ties each wheel to the other and preserves the parallelism of the planes passing through their circumference-each wheel, therefore, remains perpendicular to the load axle and all evils arising from wabbling are prevented. The load axle moreover gives ample surface which is important for the attachment of springs, and is moreover not in the way of brakes or brake gear so that the friction and consequently the amount of power required for draft are materially lessened while there is no sacrifice of convenience; but a slight addition of expense and no more tendency to wear and deteriorate than a separate piece from the spokes.

in wheels fitted with usual grease boxes or patent axles.

The same letters refer to the same parts in all the figures and in the drawings. A A represents the body of an ordinary wheel, B B the sides of the cylindrical recess formed therein or in the hub thereof if the l'ater lie 7 7 represent the friction rollers and D D the rings which confine the same forming them into a nest or series. E E, are the bearers so termed attached to the load axles. F F are the load axles and G G are the securing axles concentric therewith and passing through the holes in the cap plates I-I I-I in which they are confined by nuts and washers or linch-pins or any equivalent therefor. These latter may secure the load axle immovably or in such manner that one or both wheels may if necessary revolve thereon. In addition to these parts I sometimes secure upon the inner side of the wheel a dust preventer I, I. These are disks with holes therein of sufficient size to admit of the passage of the load axle and their outer surfaces run in clo-se contact with the inner surfaces of the bearers. India rubber or any other springs may be secured to the load axles as at J J or the vvehicle may be attached directly to said axles.

As I have before stated these load axles may be hollow cylinders, or rods or their equivalents, or boxes, their form being susceptible ofvarious modifications so long as they support t-he load and transfer its weight to the frictionrollers while they still have room for the passage of the securing axle.

Having thus fully described my apparatus I claim therein as my own invention- The combination substantially in the manner herein described of the following elements viz a load axle with a bearer secured thereto a securing axle concentric therewith or nearly so and a ring or series of friction rollers, the whole being applied to a pair of wheels substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein specified.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in presence of witnesses.

GEO. A. PREN'IISS. Witnesses C. F. ALvoRD, R. S. I-IAYWARD. 

